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On-chain Metrics 2 min read

How to Read SOPR — A Practical Guide

A no-nonsense playbook for reading SOPR on real charts — what levels matter, which variant to pick, and the traps to avoid.

What SOPR actually is

SOPR measures whether the average coin moved on-chain today was sold at a profit or at a loss.

SOPR=Realized Value (USD)Value at Creation (USD)\mathrm{SOPR} = \frac{\text{Realized Value (USD)}}{\text{Value at Creation (USD)}}
  • > 1 — profit taking.
  • < 1 — loss realization (capitulation).
  • ≈ 1 — breakeven zone, acts as dynamic S/R.

The three cohorts

VariantWindowPersonality
aSOPRAll coins, excl. sub-1h outputsGeneral mood
STH-SOPRCoins held < 155 daysFast, reactive, noisy
LTH-SOPRCoins held ≥ 155 daysSlow, macro-cycle signal

The playbook

1. Bull market — buy the dip to SOPR = 1

In an uptrend, aSOPR dropping back to 1.0 and immediately bouncing is a textbook buy signal. It means the market refused to realize losses — dip got bought.

Every major BTC bull uptrend (2017, 2020, 2024) shows this pattern repeatedly on the daily chart.

2. Bear market — fade rallies at SOPR = 1

In a downtrend, aSOPR rallying up to 1.0 and rejecting is a fade-the-bounce signal. Holders take every chance to exit at breakeven.

3. Capitulation bottoms with LTH-SOPR

When LTH-SOPR dips well below 1 (e.g. 0.7–0.8), it means long-term holders are selling at a loss — a sign of maximum pain. Historically coincides with cycle lows.

4. Cycle tops with STH-SOPR

When STH-SOPR spikes well above 1.05 and stays there for weeks, short-term holders are sitting on massive gains. Distribution usually follows.

Common mistakes

  1. Daily noise — use 7-day SMA of SOPR, not raw daily.
  2. Ignoring trend context — same SOPR level means opposite things in bull vs bear.
  3. Standalone signals — combine with MVRV Z-Score and exchange flows.

Where to look in Exum

On any asset's detail page, add the SOPR, STH-SOPR and LTH-SOPR layers from the Data Layer panel. Overlay them with price and toggle the 7-day smoothing option.

Frequently asked

Which SOPR variant should a beginner watch first?
aSOPR (Adjusted SOPR) on a 7-day moving average. It filters out intraday noise and shows the big picture.
Can SOPR be used for altcoins?
The concept applies, but reliable data is mostly available for Bitcoin and Ethereum. Altcoin SOPR is noisy.